Lesson 46 The Latinum Institute Ecclesiastical Latin Reading Course

Lesson 46: Manus (Hand; Band of Men)

Introduction

This lesson introduces the fourth-declension feminine noun "manus" meaning "hand" or "band of men." The word is common in both classical and ecclesiastical Latin texts, particularly in descriptions of physical actions and military groups.

Part A (Interleaved English and Latin Text)

46.1 Sacerdōs the priest manūs hands ad towards caelum heaven tollit raises

46.2 Dux the leader magnā with great manū band mīlitum of soldiers venit comes

46.3 Puer the boy in in manū hand flōrem flower tenet holds

46.4 Ad to manūs hands meās my epistulam letter dat he gives

46.5 Manūs hands eōrum their ad to labōrem work parātae ready sunt are

46.6 Puella the girl manibus with hands suīs her rosās roses colligit gathers

46.7 Parva small manus band hostium of enemies urbem the city petit attacks

46.8 In in manū hand dextrā right gladium sword portat he carries

46.9 Manibus with hands sacerdōtis of the priest pānem bread accipimus we receive

46.10 Fortis brave manus band virōrum of men castra the camp servat guards

46.11 Per through manūs hands eōrum their pecūnia money trānsit passes

46.12 Manū by hand suā his own epistulam letter scrībit he writes

46.13 Servus the slave manibus with hands validīs strong labōrat works

46.14 Sine without manū a band mīlitum of soldiers nōn not venit he comes

46.15 Manūs the hands populī of the people ad to deōs the gods tolluntur are raised

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Part B (Complete Sentences)

46.1 Ad caelum sacerdōs manūs tollit. The priest raises his hands to heaven.

46.2 Magnā cum manū mīlitum dux venit. The leader comes with a great band of soldiers.

46.3 Flōrem puer in manū tenet. The boy holds a flower in his hand.

46.4 Epistulam ad manūs meās dat. He gives the letter to my hands.

46.5 Manūs eōrum ad labōrem parātae sunt. Their hands are ready for work.

46.6 Rosās puella manibus suīs colligit. The girl gathers roses with her hands.

46.7 Urbem parva manus hostium petit. A small band of enemies attacks the city.

46.8 Gladium in manū dextrā portat. He carries a sword in his right hand.

46.9 Manibus sacerdōtis pānem accipimus. We receive bread from the priest's hands.

46.10 Castra fortis manus virōrum servat. A brave band of men guards the camp.

46.11 Pecūnia per manūs eōrum trānsit. Money passes through their hands.

46.12 Epistulam manū suā scrībit. He writes the letter with his own hand.

46.13 Validīs manibus servus labōrat. The slave works with strong hands.

46.14 Sine manū mīlitum nōn venit. He does not come without a band of soldiers.

46.15 Ad deōs manūs populī tolluntur. The hands of the people are raised to the gods.

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Part C (Latin Only)

46.1 Ad caelum sacerdōs manūs tollit.

46.2 Magnā cum manū mīlitum dux venit.

46.3 Flōrem puer in manū tenet.

46.4 Epistulam ad manūs meās dat.

46.5 Manūs eōrum ad labōrem parātae sunt.

46.6 Rosās puella manibus suīs colligit.

46.7 Urbem parva manus hostium petit.

46.8 Gladium in manū dextrā portat.

46.9 Manibus sacerdōtis pānem accipimus.

46.10 Castra fortis manus virōrum servat.

46.11 Pecūnia per manūs eōrum trānsit.

46.12 Epistulam manū suā scrībit.

46.13 Validīs manibus servus labōrat.

46.14 Sine manū mīlitum nōn venit.

46.15 Ad deōs manūs populī tolluntur.

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Part D (Grammar Explanation)

For English speakers learning Latin, "manus" presents several important features:

1. Fourth Declension Patterns

   • Feminine gender (unusual for 4th declension)

   • Nominative/Accusative plural: manūs

   • Ablative singular: manū

   • Dative/Ablative plural: manibus

2. Dual Meaning

   • Literal meaning: "hand"

   • Military meaning: "band, group" (especially of soldiers)

3. Common Constructions

   • Ablative of means: manū (by hand)

   • With prepositions: in manū, per manūs

   • With possessive adjectives: manū suā

4. Case Usage Examples

   • Nominative: manus portat (the hand carries)

   • Accusative: ad manūs (to the hands)

   • Genitive: manūs populī (the hands of the people)

   • Dative: manibus dat (gives to the hands)

   • Ablative: manū scrībit (writes with the hand)

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Part E (Cultural Context)

For English speakers, understanding "manus" requires cultural context:

1. Religious Significance

   • Hand gestures in Roman prayer

   • Priestly blessing gestures

   • Ritual hand-washing

2. Military Context

   • Small tactical units called "manus"

   • Importance of hand-to-hand combat

   • Command structure of military bands

3. Legal Significance

   • "Manus" in marriage law

   • Handwritten documents

   • Physical gestures in legal ceremonies

4. Daily Life

   • Manual labor terminology

   • Handcraft importance

   • Gestural communication

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Part F (Literary Citation)

Part F-A (Interleaved Text)

From Augustine's "Confessions" (3.6.11):

Et and tendēbam I was reaching out ad towards tē you manibus with hands cordis of the heart

Part F-B (Complete Translation)

Et tendēbam ad tē manibus cordis. And I was reaching out to you with the hands of my heart.

Part F-C (Literary Analysis)

Augustine uses "manus" metaphorically, combining physical and spiritual imagery. The hands become a symbol of spiritual reaching toward God.

Part F-D (Grammatical Notes)

• manibus: ablative plural showing means

• cordis: genitive singular modifying manibus

• Metaphorical usage extends concrete meaning

• Typical Augustinian spiritual imagery

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Genre Section: Christian Liturgical Language

Part A (Interleaved Text)

46.16 Sacerdōs the priest sanctās holy manūs hands super over oblātiōnem the offering extendēns extending ōrat prays

46.17 In into manūs hands tuās your Domine O Lord spiritum spirit meum my commendō I commend

46.18 Diācōnus the deacon sanctum holy calicem chalice manibus with hands piīs reverent tenet holds

46.19 Manūs hands omnēs all ad at pācem peace dandam to be given extendunt extend

46.20 Per through manūs hands episcopī of the bishop grātia grace Deī of God dēscendit descends

46.21 Aquam water manibus on hands sacerdōtis of the priest ministrī the servants fundunt pour

46.22 Magnā with great manū band fidēlium of the faithful cantāmus we sing hymnōs hymns sacrōs sacred

46.23 Ad at impositiōnem laying on manuum of hands Spiritum the Spirit Sanctum Holy accēpit he received

46.24 Manibus with hands purīs pure hostiam host sanctam holy elevat he raises

46.25 Manus the hand Domini of the Lord super upon ecclesiam the church suam his est is

46.26 In in manibus hands nostrīs our dōna gifts altāris of the altar portāmus we carry

46.27 Ante before altāre the altar manūs hands lavāmus we wash et and ōrāmus pray

46.28 Per through impositiōnem the laying on manuum of hands grātiam grace accēpērunt they received

46.29 Manūs the hands sacerdōtis of the priest super over paenitentēs the penitents benedīcunt bless

46.30 Crūcem the cross manibus with hands piīs reverent signāmus we make the sign of

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Part B (Complete Sentences)

46.16 Extendēns manūs sanctās super oblātiōnem sacerdōs ōrat. Extending his holy hands over the offering, the priest prays.

46.17 In manūs tuās, Domine, spiritum meum commendō. Into your hands, O Lord, I commend my spirit.

46.18 Sanctum calicem manibus piīs diācōnus tenet. The deacon holds the holy chalice with reverent hands.

46.19 Ad pācem dandam manūs omnēs extendunt. All extend their hands to give the peace.

46.20 Per manūs episcopī grātia Deī dēscendit. Through the hands of the bishop, God's grace descends.

46.21 Aquam manibus sacerdōtis ministrī fundunt. The servants pour water on the priest's hands.

46.22 Hymnōs sacrōs magnā manū fidēlium cantāmus. We sing sacred hymns with a great band of the faithful.

46.23 Ad impositiōnem manuum Spiritum Sanctum accēpit. At the laying on of hands, he received the Holy Spirit.

46.24 Hostiam sanctam manibus purīs elevat. He raises the holy host with pure hands.

46.25 Manus Domini super ecclesiam suam est. The hand of the Lord is upon his church.

46.26 Dōna altāris in manibus nostrīs portāmus. We carry the gifts of the altar in our hands.

46.27 Manūs ante altāre lavāmus et ōrāmus. We wash our hands before the altar and pray.

46.28 Grātiam per impositiōnem manuum accēpērunt. They received grace through the laying on of hands.

46.29 Super paenitentēs manūs sacerdōtis benedīcunt. The hands of the priest bless over the penitents.

46.30 Crūcem manibus piīs signāmus. We make the sign of the cross with reverent hands.

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Part C (Latin Only)

46.16 Extendēns manūs sanctās super oblātiōnem sacerdōs ōrat.

46.17 In manūs tuās, Domine, spiritum meum commendō.

46.18 Sanctum calicem manibus piīs diācōnus tenet.

46.19 Ad pācem dandam manūs omnēs extendunt.

46.20 Per manūs episcopī grātia Deī dēscendit.

46.21 Aquam manibus sacerdōtis ministrī fundunt.

46.22 Hymnōs sacrōs magnā manū fidēlium cantāmus.

46.23 Ad impositiōnem manuum Spiritum Sanctum accēpit.

46.24 Hostiam sanctam manibus purīs elevat.

46.25 Manus Domini super ecclesiam suam est.

46.26 Dōna altāris in manibus nostrīs portāmus.

46.27 Manūs ante altāre lavāmus et ōrāmus.

46.28 Grātiam per impositiōnem manuum accēpērunt.

46.29 Super paenitentēs manūs sacerdōtis benedīcunt.

46.30 Crūcem manibus piīs signāmus.

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Part D (Grammar Explanation)

In Christian liturgical Latin, "manus" takes on special significance with specific grammatical patterns:

1. Ritual Actions

   • Ablative of means for ritual gestures: manibus piīs (with reverent hands)

   • Expressions of blessing: per manūs (through the hands)

   • Ceremonial washing: lavāre manūs (to wash hands)

2. Special Liturgical Phrases

   • Fixed expressions: in manūs tuās (into your hands)

   • Ritual formulas: per impositiōnem manuum (through the laying on of hands)

   • Blessing formulas: manūs benedīcunt (hands bless)

3. Case Usage in Liturgical Context

   • Accusative for ritual movement: super manūs (over the hands)

   • Genitive for possession: manūs sacerdōtis (hands of the priest)

   • Ablative for instrumental use: manibus purīs (with pure hands)

4. Common Combinations

   • With adjectives: sanctae manūs, piae manūs

   • With verbs of ritual action: extendere, levāre, signāre

   • In prepositional phrases: ante manūs, super manūs

This liturgical vocabulary shows how the basic meaning of "manus" expanded to include specialized religious significance while maintaining standard Latin grammatical patterns.

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