Lesson 43 Latinum Institute Latin Reading Course
Latin Lesson 43: Tuus -a -um (your)
Part A (Interleaved English and Latin Text)
43.1 Tuus your frāter brother in in hortō garden ambulat walks
43.2 Soror sister tua your pulchra beautiful est is
43.3 Pater father templum temple tuum your videt sees
43.4 Videō I see tuum your equum horse celerem swift
43.5 Tua your māter mother in in forō forum sedet sits
43.6 Servus slave tuus your cēnam dinner parat prepares
43.7 Amīcus friend librum book tuum your laudat praises
43.8 In in tuā your casā cottage dormis you sleep
43.9 Ad to tuum your hortum garden venimus we come
43.10 Rex king tuam your urbem city regit rules
43.11 Tuī your mūrī walls altī tall sunt are
43.12 Cum with tuīs your amīcīs friends ludis you play
43.13 Tuae your rosae roses flōrent bloom
43.14 Prope near tuum your flūmen river stāmus we stand
43.15 Tuōrum of your equōrum horses celeritās speed magna great est is
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Section A Part 2 (Experimental Text)
Here is the same content with English words using Latin case endings:
43.1 Your-us brother-us in garden-ō walk-at
43.2 Sister-us your-a beautiful-a be-est
43.3 Father-us temple-um your-um see-et
43.4 See-ō your-um horse-um swift-em
43.5 Your-a mother-us in forum-ō sit-et
43.6 Slave-us your-us dinner-am prepare-at
43.7 Friend-us book-um your-um praise-at
43.8 In your-ā cottage-ā sleep-is
43.9 To your-um garden-um come-imus
43.10 King-us your-am city-em rule-it
43.11 Your-ī wall-ī tall-ī be-sunt
43.12 With your-īs friend-īs play-is
43.13 Your-ae rose-ae bloom-unt
43.14 Near your-um river-em stand-āmus
43.15 Your-ōrum horse-ōrum speed-ās great-a be-est
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Part B (Complete Sentences)
43.1 Tuus frāter in hortō ambulat. Your brother walks in the garden.
43.2 Soror tua pulchra est. Your sister is beautiful.
43.3 Pater templum tuum videt. Father sees your temple.
43.4 Videō tuum equum celerem. I see your swift horse.
43.5 Tua māter in forō sedet. Your mother sits in the forum.
43.6 Servus tuus cēnam parat. Your slave prepares dinner.
43.7 Amīcus librum tuum laudat. A friend praises your book.
43.8 In tuā casā dormis. You sleep in your cottage.
43.9 Ad tuum hortum venimus. We come to your garden.
43.10 Rex tuam urbem regit. The king rules your city.
43.11 Tuī mūrī altī sunt. Your walls are tall.
43.12 Cum tuīs amīcīs ludis. You play with your friends.
43.13 Tuae rosae flōrent. Your roses bloom.
43.14 Prope tuum flūmen stāmus. We stand near your river.
43.15 Tuōrum equōrum celeritās magna est. The speed of your horses is great.
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Part C (Latin Only)
43.1 Tuus frāter in hortō ambulat.
43.2 Soror tua pulchra est.
43.3 Pater templum tuum videt.
43.4 Videō tuum equum celerem.
43.5 Tua māter in forō sedet.
43.6 Servus tuus cēnam parat.
43.7 Amīcus librum tuum laudat.
43.8 In tuā casā dormis.
43.9 Ad tuum hortum venimus.
43.10 Rex tuam urbem regit.
43.11 Tuī mūrī altī sunt.
43.12 Cum tuīs amīcīs ludis.
43.13 Tuae rosae flōrent.
43.14 Prope tuum flūmen stāmus.
43.15 Tuōrum equōrum celeritās magna est.
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Part D (Grammar Explanation)
For English speakers, understanding "tuus -a -um" requires grasping several key concepts:
Basic Meaning:
"Tuus -a -um" means "your" (singular)
Used when speaking to one person about their possessions
Different from "vester -tra -trum" (your plural, when speaking to multiple people)
Agreement:
Must match the noun it describes in:
Gender (masculine, feminine, neuter)
Number (singular, plural)
Case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative)
Forms: Singular:
Masculine: tuus (nom.), tuī (gen.), tuō (dat.), tuum (acc.), tuō (abl.)
Feminine: tua (nom.), tuae (gen.), tuae (dat.), tuam (acc.), tuā (abl.)
Neuter: tuum (nom.), tuī (gen.), tuō (dat.), tuum (acc.), tuō (abl.)
Plural:
Masculine: tuī (nom.), tuōrum (gen.), tuīs (dat.), tuōs (acc.), tuīs (abl.)
Feminine: tuae (nom.), tuārum (gen.), tuīs (dat.), tuās (acc.), tuīs (abl.)
Neuter: tua (nom.), tuōrum (gen.), tuīs (dat.), tua (acc.), tuīs (abl.)
Usage Tips for English Speakers:
Unlike English "your," Latin "tuus" changes form
Position is flexible in the sentence
Often used for emphasis when placed first
Can be separated from its noun
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Part E (Cultural Context)
For English speakers, understanding how Romans used possessive adjectives provides important cultural insights:
Personal Relationships:
Romans placed great importance on family and friendship bonds
Possessive adjectives often emphasized these relationships
"Tuus" could indicate both ownership and emotional connection
Social Context:
Used differently based on social status
More formal in public speaking
More intimate in personal letters
Could show respect or familiarity
Historical Perspective:
Found frequently in letters and speeches
Important in legal documents
Used in poetry to create personal connection
Modern Relevance:
Similar to French "ton/ta/tes"
More complex than English "your"
Helps understand other Romance languages
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Part F (Literary Citation)
Part F-A (Interleaved Text)
From Cicero's Letters to Atticus (2.1.1):
Tua your fides loyalty et and benevolentia goodwill erga towards me me mihi to me satis sufficiently specta proven est is
Part F-B (Complete Translation)
Tua fides et benevolentia erga me mihi satis specta est. Your loyalty and goodwill towards me are sufficiently proven to me.
Part F-C (Literary Analysis)
Cicero uses "tua" at the beginning to emphasize the personal nature of Atticus's loyalty. This placement is typical of Cicero's emotional style in his letters to friends.
Part F-D (Grammatical Notes)
"Tua" nominative feminine singular agreeing with "fides"
Positioned first for emphasis
Modifies both "fides" and "benevolentia" through coordination
Shows the flexible word order of Latin
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Genre Section: Epistolary Writing
Part A (Interleaved Text)
43.16 Tuae your litterae letter mē me magnō with great gaudiō joy adficiunt fills
43.17 Spērō I hope tuum your iter journey fēlīx happy esse to be
43.18 Dē about tuā your valētūdine health māter mother sollicita worried est is
43.19 Tuam your epistulam letter heri yesterday accēpī I received
43.20 In in tuīs your verbīs words magnam great sapientiam wisdom videō I see
43.21 Omnia all tua your cōnsilia plans mihi to me placent please
43.22 Dē about tuō your adventū arrival nūntium news exspectō I await
43.23 Tuī your amīcī friends tē you salūtant greet
43.24 Tuārum of your litterārum letters elegantiam elegance laudō I praise
43.25 Ad to tuam your domum home properō I hurry
43.26 Tua your verba words meum my animum spirit confirmant strengthen
43.27 Dē about tuīs your rēbus affairs saepe often cōgitō I think
43.28 In in tuā your absentiā absence diēs days longī long sunt are
43.29 Tuae your laudēs praises mē me dēlectant delight
43.30 Tuum your redītum return omnēs all exspectant await
Part B (Complete Sentences)
43.16 Tuae litterae mē magnō gaudiō adficiunt. Your letter fills me with great joy.
43.17 Spērō tuum iter fēlīx esse. I hope your journey is happy.
43.18 Dē tuā valētūdine māter sollicita est. Mother is worried about your health.
43.19 Tuam epistulam heri accēpī. I received your letter yesterday.
43.20 In tuīs verbīs magnam sapientiam videō. I see great wisdom in your words.
43.21 Omnia tua cōnsilia mihi placent. All your plans please me.
43.22 Dē tuō adventū nūntium exspectō. I await news of your arrival.
43.23 Tuī amīcī tē salūtant. Your friends greet you.
43.24 Tuārum litterārum elegantiam laudō. I praise the elegance of your letters.
43.25 Ad tuam domum properō. I hurry to your home.
43.26 Tua verba meum animum confirmant. Your words strengthen my spirit.
43.27 Dē tuīs rēbus saepe cōgitō. I often think about your affairs.
43.28 In tuā absentiā diēs longī sunt. In your absence, the days are long.
43.29 Tuae laudēs mē dēlectant. Your praises delight me.
43.30 Tuum redītum omnēs exspectant. Everyone awaits your return.
Part C (Latin Only)
43.16 Tuae litterae mē magnō gaudiō adficiunt.
43.17 Spērō tuum iter fēlīx esse.
43.18 Dē tuā valētūdine māter sollicita est.
43.19 Tuam epistulam heri accēpī.
43.20 In tuīs verbīs magnam sapientiam videō.
43.21 Omnia tua cōnsilia mihi placent.
43.22 Dē tuō adventū nūntium exspectō.
43.23 Tuī amīcī tē salūtant.
43.24 Tuārum litterārum elegantiam laudō.
43.25 Ad tuam domum properō.
43.26 Tua verba meum animum confirmant.
43.27 Dē tuīs rēbus saepe cōgitō.
43.28 In tuā absentiā diēs longī sunt.
43.29 Tuae laudēs mē dēlectant.
43.30 Tuum redītum omnēs exspectant.
Part D (Grammar Explanation)
Epistolary writing provides an excellent context for studying "tuus -a -um" because:
Letter Format Features:
Frequent use of possessive adjectives
Direct address to recipient
Personal tone and intimate context
Various cases showing relationship between writer and recipient
Common Phrases:
"tuae litterae" (your letter)
"tua valētūdō" (your health)
"tuus adventus" (your arrival)
"tuī amīcī" (your friends)
Case Usage in Letters:
Nominative for subjects: "tuae litterae"
Genitive for possession: "tuārum litterārum"
Dative with indirect objects
Accusative for direct objects: "tuam epistulam"
Ablative in prepositional phrases: "dē tuīs rēbus"
Word Order Patterns:
Often placing "tuus" before the noun for emphasis
Sometimes separating "tuus" from its noun for stylistic effect
Flexible positioning based on emphasis and rhythm
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